1 Scope of the Report

1.1 Market Introduction

1.2 Years Considered

1.3 Research Objectives

1.4 Market Research Methodology

1.5 Research Process and Data Source

1.6 Economic Indicators

1.7 Currency Considered

2 Executive Summary

2.1 World Market Overview

2.1.1 Global Seafood Powders Consumption 2016-2026

2.1.2 Seafood Powders Consumption CAGR by Region

2.2 Seafood Powders Segment by Type

2.2.1 Crab Extract Powder

2.2.2 Lobster Extract Powder

2.2.3 Anchovy Extract Powder

2.2.4 Others

2.3 Seafood Powders Sales by Type

2.3.1 Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)

2.3.2 Global Seafood Powders Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)

2.3.3 Global Seafood Powders Sale Price by Type (2016-2021)

2.4 Seafood Powders Segment by Application

2.4.1 Dressings

2.4.2 Soups

2.4.3 Sauces

2.4.4 Others

2.5 Seafood Powders Sales by Application

2.5.1 Global Seafood Powders Sale Market Share by Application (2016-2021)

2.5.2 Global Seafood Powders Revenue and Market Share by Application (2016-2021)

2.5.3 Global Seafood Powders Sale Price by Application (2016-2021)

3 Global Seafood Powders by Company

3.1 Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Company

3.1.1 Global Seafood Powders Sales by Company (2019-2021)

3.1.2 Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Company (2019-2021)

3.2 Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Company

3.2.1 Global Seafood Powders Revenue by Company (2019-2021)

3.2.2 Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2021)

3.3 Global Seafood Powders Sale Price by Company

3.4 Global Manufacturers Seafood Powders Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Seafood Powders Product Location Distribution

3.4.2 Players Seafood Powders Products Offered

3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis

3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis

3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2019-2021)

3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants

3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 Seafood Powders by Region

4.1 Global Seafood Powders by Region

4.1.1 Global Seafood Powders Sales by Region

4.1.2 Global Seafood Powders Revenue by Region

4.2 Americas Seafood Powders Sales Growth

4.3 APAC Seafood Powders Sales Growth

4.4 Europe Seafood Powders Sales Growth

4.5 Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales Growth

5 Americas

5.1 Americas Seafood Powders Sales by Country

5.1.1 Americas Seafood Powders Sales by Country (2016-2021)

5.1.2 Americas Seafood Powders Revenue by Country (2016-2021)

5.2 Americas Seafood Powders Sales by Type

5.3 Americas Seafood Powders Sales by Application

5.4 United States

5.5 Canada

5.6 Mexico

5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC Seafood Powders Sales by Region

6.1.1 APAC Seafood Powders Sales by Region (2016-2021)

6.1.2 APAC Seafood Powders Revenue by Region (2016-2021)

6.2 APAC Seafood Powders Sales by Type

6.3 APAC Seafood Powders Sales by Application

6.4 China

6.5 Japan

6.6 Korea

6.7 Southeast Asia

6.8 India

6.9 Australia

7 Europe

7.1 Europe Seafood Powders by Country

7.1.1 Europe Seafood Powders Sales by Country (2016-2021)

7.1.2 Europe Seafood Powders Revenue by Country (2016-2021)

7.2 Europe Seafood Powders Sales by Type

7.3 Europe Seafood Powders Sales by Application

7.4 Germany

7.5 France

7.6 UK

7.7 Italy

7.8 Russia

8 Middle East & Africa

8.1 Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders by Country

8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales by Country (2016-2021)

8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Revenue by Country (2016-2021)

8.2 Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales by Type

8.3 Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales by Application

8.4 Egypt

8.5 South Africa

8.6 Israel

8.7 Turkey

8.8 GCC Country

9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends

9.1 Market Drivers and Impact

9.1.1 Growing Demand from Key Regions

9.1.2 Growing Demand from Key Applications and Potential Industries

9.2 Market Challenges and Impact

9.3 Market Trends

10 Marketing, Distributors and Customer

10.1 Sales Channel

10.1.1 Direct Channels

10.1.2 Indirect Channels

10.2 Seafood Powders Distributors

10.3 Seafood Powders Customer

11 Global Seafood Powders Market Forecast

11.1 Global Seafood Powders Forecast by Region

11.1.1 Global Seafood Powders Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)

11.2.2 Global Seafood Powders Revenue Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)

11.2 Americas Forecast by Country

11.3 APAC Forecast by Region

11.4 Europe Forecast by Country

11.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Country

11.6 Global Seafood Powders Forecast by Type

11.7 Global Seafood Powders Forecast by Application

12 Key Players Analysis

12.1 Seafood Flavours

12.1.1 Seafood Flavours Company Information

12.1.2 Seafood Flavours Seafood Powders Product Offered

12.1.3 Seafood Flavours Seafood Powders Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)

12.1.4 Seafood Flavours Main Business Overview

12.1.5 Seafood Flavours Latest Developments

12.2 International Ingredient Solutions

12.2.1 International Ingredient Solutions Company Information

12.2.2 International Ingredient Solutions Seafood Powders Product Offered

12.2.3 International Ingredient Solutions Seafood Powders Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)

12.2.4 International Ingredient Solutions Main Business Overview

12.2.5 International Ingredient Solutions Latest Developments

12.3 Nikken Foods USA

12.3.1 Nikken Foods USA Company Information

12.3.2 Nikken Foods USA Seafood Powders Product Offered

12.3.3 Nikken Foods USA Seafood Powders Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)

12.3.4 Nikken Foods USA Main Business Overview

12.3.5 Nikken Foods USA Latest Developments

12.4 Advanced Biotech

12.4.1 Advanced Biotech Company Information

12.4.2 Advanced Biotech Seafood Powders Product Offered

12.4.3 Advanced Biotech Seafood Powders Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)

12.4.4 Advanced Biotech Main Business Overview

12.4.5 Advanced Biotech Latest Developments

12.5 Savoury Systems International

12.5.1 Savoury Systems International Company Information

12.5.2 Savoury Systems International Seafood Powders Product Offered

12.5.3 Savoury Systems International Seafood Powders Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)

12.5.4 Savoury Systems International Main Business Overview

12.5.5 Savoury Systems International Latest Developments

12.6 Chaijinda Seafood

12.6.1 Chaijinda Seafood Company Information

12.6.2 Chaijinda Seafood Seafood Powders Product Offered

12.6.3 Chaijinda Seafood Seafood Powders Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)

12.6.4 Chaijinda Seafood Main Business Overview

12.6.5 Chaijinda Seafood Latest Developments

12.7 Kanegrade

12.7.1 Kanegrade Company Information

12.7.2 Kanegrade Seafood Powders Product Offered

12.7.3 Kanegrade Seafood Powders Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)

12.7.4 Kanegrade Main Business Overview

12.7.5 Kanegrade Latest Developments

12.8 Scan American Food Company

12.8.1 Scan American Food Company Company Information

12.8.2 Scan American Food Company Seafood Powders Product Offered

12.8.3 Scan American Food Company Seafood Powders Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)

12.8.4 Scan American Food Company Main Business Overview

12.8.5 Scan American Food Company Latest Developments

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

List of Tables

Table 1. Seafood Powders Consumption CAGR by Region (2020-2026) & ($ Millions)

Table 2. Major Players of Crab Extract Powder

Table 3. Major Players of Lobster Extract Powder

Table 4. Major Players of Anchovy Extract Powder

Table 5. Major Players of Others

Table 6. Global Seafood Powders Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 7. Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)

Table 8. Global Seafood Powders Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & ($ million)

Table 9. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)

Table 10. Global Seafood Powders Sale Price by Type (2016-2021)

Table 11. Global Seafood Powders Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 12. Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)

Table 13. Global Seafood Powders Value by Application (2016-2021)

Table 14. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021)

Table 15. Global Seafood Powders Sale Price by Application (2016-2021)

Table 16. Global Seafood Powders Sales by Company (2019-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 17. Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Company (2019-2021)

Table 18. Global Seafood Powders Revenue by Company (2019-2021) ($ Millions)

Table 19. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2021)

Table 20. Global Seafood Powders Sale Price by Company (2019-2021)

Table 21. Key Manufacturers Seafood Powders Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area

Table 22. Players Seafood Powders Products Offered

Table 23. Seafood Powders Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2019-2021)

Table 24. New Products and Potential Entrants

Table 25. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

Table 26. Global Seafood Powders Sales by Region (2016-2021) (Kiloton)

Table 27. Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)

Table 28. Global Seafood Powders Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)

Table 29. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)

Table 30. Americas Seafood Powders Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 31. Americas Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)

Table 32. Americas Seafood Powders Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)

Table 33. Americas Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)

Table 34. Americas Seafood Powders Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 35. Americas Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)

Table 36. Americas Seafood Powders Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 37. Americas Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)

Table 38. APAC Seafood Powders Sales by Region (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 39. APAC Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)

Table 40. APAC Seafood Powders Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)

Table 41. APAC Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)

Table 42. APAC Seafood Powders Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 43. APAC Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)

Table 44. APAC Seafood Powders Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 45. APAC Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)

Table 46. Europe Seafood Powders Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 47. Europe Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)

Table 48. Europe Seafood Powders Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)

Table 49. Europe Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)

Table 50. Europe Seafood Powders Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 51. Europe Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)

Table 52. Europe Seafood Powders Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 53. Europe Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)

Table 54. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 55. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)

Table 56. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)

Table 57. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)

Table 58. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 59. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)

Table 60. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Table 61. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)

Table 62. Key and Potential Regions of Seafood Powders

Table 63. Key Application and Potential Industries of Seafood Powders

Table 64. Key Challenges of Seafood Powders

Table 65. Key Trends of Seafood Powders

Table 66. Seafood Powders Distributors List

Table 67. Seafood Powders Customer List

Table 68. Global Seafood Powders Sales Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & (Kiloton)

Table 69. Global Seafood Powders Consumption Market Forecast by Region

Table 70. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)

Table 71. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2021-2026)

Table 72. Americas Seafood Powders Sales Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & (Kiloton)

Table 73. Americas Seafood Powders Revenue Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)

Table 74. APAC Seafood Powders Sales Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & (Kiloton)

Table 75. APAC Seafood Powders Revenue Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)

Table 76. Europe Seafood Powders Sales Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & (Kiloton)

Table 77. Europe Seafood Powders Revenue Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)

Table 78. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & (Kiloton)

Table 79. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Revenue Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)

Table 80. Global Seafood Powders Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026) & (Kiloton)

Table 81. Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)

Table 82. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026) & ($ Millions)

Table 83. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)

Table 84. Global Seafood Powders Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026) & (Kiloton)

Table 85. Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)

Table 86. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026) & ($ Millions)

Table 87. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)

Table 88. Seafood Flavours Basic Information, Seafood Powders Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 89. Seafood Flavours Seafood Powders Product Offered

Table 90. Seafood Flavours Seafood Powders Sales (Kiloton), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)

Table 91. Seafood Flavours Main Business

Table 92. Seafood Flavours Latest Developments

Table 93. International Ingredient Solutions Basic Information, Seafood Powders Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 94. International Ingredient Solutions Seafood Powders Product Offered

Table 95. International Ingredient Solutions Seafood Powders Sales (Kiloton), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)

Table 96. International Ingredient Solutions Main Business

Table 97. International Ingredient Solutions Latest Developments

Table 98. Nikken Foods USA Basic Information, Seafood Powders Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 99. Nikken Foods USA Seafood Powders Product Offered

Table 100. Nikken Foods USA Seafood Powders Sales (Kiloton), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)

Table 101. Nikken Foods USA Main Business

Table 102. Nikken Foods USA Latest Developments

Table 103. Advanced Biotech Basic Information, Seafood Powders Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 104. Advanced Biotech Seafood Powders Product Offered

Table 105. Advanced Biotech Seafood Powders Sales (Kiloton), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)

Table 106. Advanced Biotech Main Business

Table 107. Advanced Biotech Latest Developments

Table 108. Savoury Systems International Basic Information, Seafood Powders Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 109. Savoury Systems International Seafood Powders Product Offered

Table 110. Savoury Systems International Seafood Powders Sales (Kiloton), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)

Table 111. Savoury Systems International Main Business

Table 112. Savoury Systems International Latest Developments

Table 113. Chaijinda Seafood Basic Information, Seafood Powders Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 114. Chaijinda Seafood Seafood Powders Product Offered

Table 115. Chaijinda Seafood Seafood Powders Sales (Kiloton), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)

Table 116. Chaijinda Seafood Main Business

Table 117. Chaijinda Seafood Latest Developments

Table 118. Kanegrade Basic Information, Seafood Powders Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 119. Kanegrade Seafood Powders Product Offered

Table 120. Kanegrade Seafood Powders Sales (Kiloton), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)

Table 121. Kanegrade Main Business

Table 122. Kanegrade Latest Developments

Table 123. Scan American Food Company Basic Information, Seafood Powders Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 124. Scan American Food Company Seafood Powders Product Offered

Table 125. Scan American Food Company Seafood Powders Sales (Kiloton), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)

Table 126. Scan American Food Company Main Business

Table 127. Scan American Food Company Latest Developments

List of Figures

Figure 1. Picture of Seafood Powders

Figure 2. Seafood Powders Report Years Considered

Figure 3. Research Objectives

Figure 4. Research Methodology

Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source

Figure 6. Global Seafood Powders Sales Growth Rate 2016-2026 (Kiloton)

Figure 7. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2026 ($ Millions)

Figure 8. Seafood Powders Sales by Region (2021 & 2026) & ($ millions)

Figure 9. Product Picture of Crab Extract Powder

Figure 10. Product Picture of Lobster Extract Powder

Figure 11. Product Picture of Anchovy Extract Powder

Figure 12. Product Picture of Others

Figure 13. Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type in 2020

Figure 14. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)

Figure 15. Seafood Powders Consumed in Dressings

Figure 16. Global Seafood Powders Market: Dressings (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Figure 17. Seafood Powders Consumed in Soups

Figure 18. Global Seafood Powders Market: Soups (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Figure 19. Seafood Powders Consumed in Sauces

Figure 20. Global Seafood Powders Market: Sauces (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Figure 21. Seafood Powders Consumed in Others

Figure 22. Global Seafood Powders Market: Others (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)

Figure 23. Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)

Figure 24. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Application in 2020

Figure 25. Seafood Powders Revenue Market by Company in 2020 ($ Million)

Figure 26. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Company in 2020

Figure 27. Global Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Regions (2016-2021)

Figure 28. Global Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Region in 2020

Figure 29. Americas Seafood Powders Sales 2016-2021 (Kiloton)

Figure 30. Americas Seafood Powders Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 31. APAC Seafood Powders Sales 2016-2021 (Kiloton)

Figure 32. APAC Seafood Powders Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 33. Europe Seafood Powders Sales 2016-2021 (Kiloton)

Figure 34. Europe Seafood Powders Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 35. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales 2016-2021 (Kiloton)

Figure 36. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 37. Americas Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Country in 2020

Figure 38. Americas Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020

Figure 39. Americas Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type in 2020

Figure 40. Americas Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Application in 2020

Figure 41. United States Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 42. Canada Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 43. Mexico Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 44. Brazil Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 45. APAC Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Region in 2020

Figure 46. APAC Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020

Figure 47. APAC Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type in 2020

Figure 48. APAC Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Application in 2020

Figure 49. China Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 50. Japan Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 51. Korea Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 52. Southeast Asia Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 53. India Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 54. Australia Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 55. Europe Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Country in 2020

Figure 56. Europe Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020

Figure 57. Europe Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type in 2020

Figure 58. Europe Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Application in 2020

Figure 59. Germany Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 60. France Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 61. UK Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 62. Italy Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 63. Russia Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 64. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Country in 2020

Figure 65. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020

Figure 66. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Type in 2020

Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Seafood Powders Sales Market Share by Application in 2020

Figure 68. Egypt Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 69. South Africa Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 70. Israel Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 71. Turkey Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 72. GCC Country Seafood Powders Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)

Figure 73. Channels of Distribution

Figure 74. Distributors Profiles