- call +1-201-465-4211
- email sales@mrinsights.biz
According to this latest study, the 2020 growth of Automotive Capless Fuel System will have significant change from previous year. By the most conservative estimates of global Automotive Capless Fuel System market size (most likely outcome) will be a year-over-year revenue growth rate of XX% in 2020, from US$ xx million in 2019. Over the next five years the Automotive Capless Fuel System market will register a xx% CAGR in terms of revenue, the global market size will reach US$ xx million by 2025.
This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Automotive Capless Fuel System market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries.
Segmentation by type: breakdown data from 2016 to 2021, in Section 2.3; and forecast to 2026 in section 11.7.
OEM
Aftermarket
Segmentation by application: breakdown data from 2016 to 2021, in Section 2.4; and forecast to 2026 in section 11.8.
Passenger Vehicles
Commercial Vehicles
This report also splits the market by region: Breakdown data in Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
Americas
United States
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
APAC
China
Japan
Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australia
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Turkey
GCC Countries
The report also presents the market competition landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the major vendor/manufacturers in the market. The key manufacturers covered in this report: Breakdown data in Chapter 3.
Illinois Tool Works (ITW)
Toyoda Gosei
Stant Corporation
Gerdes GmbH
The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.
Market is segmented on the basis:
The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.
The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.
1 Scope of the Report
1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
2 Executive Summary
2.1 World Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Consumption 2016-2026
2.1.2 Automotive Capless Fuel System Consumption CAGR by Region
2.2 Automotive Capless Fuel System Segment by Type
2.2.1 OEM
2.2.2 Aftermarket
2.3 Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Type
2.3.1 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
2.3.2 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
2.3.3 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sale Price by Type (2016-2021)
2.4 Automotive Capless Fuel System Segment by Application
2.4.1 Passenger Vehicles
2.4.2 Commercial Vehicles
2.5 Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Application
2.5.1 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sale Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
2.5.2 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue and Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
2.5.3 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sale Price by Application (2016-2021)
3 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System by Company
3.1 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Company
3.1.1 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Company (2019-2021)
3.1.2 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
3.2 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Company
3.2.1 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Company (2019-2021)
3.2.2 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
3.3 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sale Price by Company
3.4 Global Manufacturers Automotive Capless Fuel System Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Automotive Capless Fuel System Product Location Distribution
3.4.2 Players Automotive Capless Fuel System Products Offered
3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2019-2021)
3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Automotive Capless Fuel System by Region
4.1 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System by Region
4.1.1 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Region
4.1.2 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Region
4.2 Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Growth
4.3 APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Growth
4.4 Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Growth
4.5 Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Growth
5 Americas
5.1 Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Country
5.1.1 Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Country (2016-2021)
5.1.2 Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Country (2016-2021)
5.2 Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Type
5.3 Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Application
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil
6 APAC
6.1 APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Region
6.1.1 APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Region (2016-2021)
6.1.2 APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Region (2016-2021)
6.2 APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Type
6.3 APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Application
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System by Country
7.1.1 Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Country (2016-2021)
7.1.2 Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Country (2016-2021)
7.2 Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Type
7.3 Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Application
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia
8 Middle East & Africa
8.1 Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System by Country
8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Country (2016-2021)
8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Country (2016-2021)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Type
8.3 Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Application
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Country
9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends
9.1 Market Drivers and Impact
9.1.1 Growing Demand from Key Regions
9.1.2 Growing Demand from Key Applications and Potential Industries
9.2 Market Challenges and Impact
9.3 Market Trends
10 Marketing, Distributors and Customer
10.1 Sales Channel
10.1.1 Direct Channels
10.1.2 Indirect Channels
10.2 Automotive Capless Fuel System Distributors
10.3 Automotive Capless Fuel System Customer
11 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Market Forecast
11.1 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Forecast by Region
11.1.1 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
11.2.2 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
11.2 Americas Forecast by Countries
11.3 APAC Forecast by Region
11.4 Europe Forecast by Countries
11.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Countries
11.6 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Forecast by Type
11.7 Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Forecast by Application
12 Key Players Analysis
12.1 Illinois Tool Works (ITW)
12.1.1 Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Company Information
12.1.2 Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Automotive Capless Fuel System Product Offered
12.1.3 Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.1.4 Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Main Business Overview
12.1.5 Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Latest Developments
12.2 Toyoda Gosei
12.2.1 Toyoda Gosei Company Information
12.2.2 Toyoda Gosei Automotive Capless Fuel System Product Offered
12.2.3 Toyoda Gosei Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.2.4 Toyoda Gosei Main Business Overview
12.2.5 Toyoda Gosei Latest Developments
12.3 Stant Corporation
12.3.1 Stant Corporation Company Information
12.3.2 Stant Corporation Automotive Capless Fuel System Product Offered
12.3.3 Stant Corporation Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.3.4 Stant Corporation Main Business Overview
12.3.5 Stant Corporation Latest Developments
12.4 Gerdes GmbH
12.4.1 Gerdes GmbH Company Information
12.4.2 Gerdes GmbH Automotive Capless Fuel System Product Offered
12.4.3 Gerdes GmbH Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.4.4 Gerdes GmbH Main Business Overview
12.4.5 Gerdes GmbH Latest Developments
...
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
List of Tables
Table 1. Automotive Capless Fuel System Consumption CAGR by Region (2020-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 2. Major Players of OEM
Table 3. Major Players of Aftermarket
Table 4. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 5. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 6. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & ($ million)
Table 7. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 8. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sale Price by Type (2016-2021)
Table 9. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 10. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 11. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Value by Application (2016-2021)
Table 12. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 13. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sale Price by Application (2016-2021)
Table 14. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Company (2019-2021) & (K Units)
Table 15. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
Table 16. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Company (2019-2021) ($ Millions)
Table 17. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
Table 18. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sale Price by Company (2019-2021)
Table 19. Key Manufacturers Automotive Capless Fuel System Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area
Table 20. Players Automotive Capless Fuel System Products Offered
Table 21. Automotive Capless Fuel System Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2019-2021)
Table 22. New Products and Potential Entrants
Table 23. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 24. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Region (2016-2021) (K Units)
Table 25. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 26. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 27. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 28. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 29. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 30. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 31. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 32. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 33. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 34. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 35. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 36. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 37. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 38. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 39. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 40. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 41. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 42. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 43. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 44. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 45. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 46. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 47. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 48. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 49. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 50. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 51. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 52. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 53. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 54. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 55. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 56. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 57. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 58. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 59. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 60. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 61. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 62. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 63. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 64. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026) & (K Units)
Table 65. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table 66. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 67. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table 68. Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Basic Information, Automotive Capless Fuel System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 69. Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Automotive Capless Fuel System Product Offered
Table 70. Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 71. Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Main Business
Table 72. Illinois Tool Works (ITW) Latest Developments
Table 73. Toyoda Gosei Basic Information, Automotive Capless Fuel System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 74. Toyoda Gosei Automotive Capless Fuel System Product Offered
Table 75. Toyoda Gosei Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 76. Toyoda Gosei Main Business
Table 77. Toyoda Gosei Latest Developments
Table 78. Stant Corporation Basic Information, Automotive Capless Fuel System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 79. Stant Corporation Automotive Capless Fuel System Product Offered
Table 80. Stant Corporation Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 81. Stant Corporation Main Business
Table 82. Stant Corporation Latest Developments
Table 83. Gerdes GmbH Basic Information, Automotive Capless Fuel System Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 84. Gerdes GmbH Automotive Capless Fuel System Product Offered
Table 85. Gerdes GmbH Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 86. Gerdes GmbH Main Business
Table 87. Gerdes GmbH Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Picture of Automotive Capless Fuel System
Figure 2. Automotive Capless Fuel System Report Years Considered
Figure 3. Research Objectives
Figure 4. Research Methodology
Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 6. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Growth Rate 2016-2026 (K Units)
Figure 7. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2026 ($ Millions)
Figure 8. Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales by Region (2021 & 2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 9. Product Picture of OEM
Figure 10. Product Picture of Aftermarket
Figure 11. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 12. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 13. Automotive Capless Fuel System Consumed in Passenger Vehicles
Figure 14. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Market: Passenger Vehicles (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 15. Automotive Capless Fuel System Consumed in Commercial Vehicles
Figure 16. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Market: Commercial Vehicles (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 17. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 18. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 19. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market by Company in 2020 ($ Million)
Figure 20. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Company in 2020
Figure 21. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Regions (2016-2021)
Figure 22. Global Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 23. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 24. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 25. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 26. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 27. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 28. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 29. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales 2016-2021 (K Units)
Figure 30. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 31. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 32. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 33. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 34. Americas Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 35. United States Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 36. Canada Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 37. Mexico Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 38. Brazil Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 39. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 40. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 41. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 42. APAC Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 43. China Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 44. Japan Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 45. Korea Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 46. Southeast Asia Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 47. India Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 48. Australia Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 49. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 50. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 51. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 52. Europe Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 53. Germany Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 54. France Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 55. UK Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 56. Italy Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 57. Russia Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 58. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 59. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 60. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 61. Middle East & Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Sales Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 62. Egypt Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 63. South Africa Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 64. Israel Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 65. Turkey Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 66. GCC Country Automotive Capless Fuel System Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 67. Channels of Distribution
Figure 68. Distributors Profiles
ProactiveWe manage our resources 24/7 to identify issues and address them before they become problems
Quality & ReliabilityWe are committed to providing reliable and highly accurate data with an excellent quality control system
Global Outreach6 Major regions and 40+ countries level analysis accomplished
Competitive PricingOur pricing strategy is highly competitive in the market, without compensating on the quality and the timeline of project delivery
